Global Academy of Training and Research Journal

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

The ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) is an eight-digit number that identifies periodical publications as such, including electronic serials.

The ISSN takes the form of the acronym ISSN, followed by two groups of four digits separated by a hyphen. The eighth character is a control digit calculated according to a modulo 11 algorithms based on the 7 preceding digits; this eighth control character may be an "X" if the computing result is equal to "10" to avoid any ambiguity.

The ISSN is linked to a standardized form of the serial's title, known as the "key title." This repeats the publication's title, qualifying it with additional elements to distinguish it from other publications having identical titles.

ISSN in the digital environment

ISSNs have been assigned since the 1970s and are universally accepted within the print publishing world as a means of identifying serials. Changes in editorial practices linked to the development of the Internet and digital technologies led the ISSN to evolve and extend its scope to the whole of continuing resources (i.e., "publications that are issued over time with no predetermined conclusion"), whatever their physical medium.

Consequently, from the end of the 1990s, ISSNs were also assigned to electronic serials (online, CD-ROM, DVD...) and electronic "ongoing integrating resources" (i.e., "continuing resources that are added to or changed using updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole and have no predetermined conclusion") such as websites and databases.

GATR Journals' ISSN

GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GATR-GJBSSR)